US inflation reached a new 40-year high in June of 9.1%

Surging prices for fuel, food and rent catapulted US inflation to a new four-decade peak in June, further pressuring households and likely sealing the case for another large interest rate hike by the Federal Reserve, with higher borrowing costs to follow.

Consumer prices soared 9.1% compared with a year earlier, the US government said on Wednesday, the biggest yearly increase since 1981, and up from an 8.6% jump in May.

On a monthly basis, prices rose 1.3% from May to June, another substantial increase, after prices had jumped 1% from April to May.

Some economists have held out hope that inflation might be reaching or nearing a short-term peak.

Fuel prices, for example, have fallen from the eye-watering five US dollars (around £4.05) a gallon reached in mid-June to an average of 4.63 dollars (£3.90) nationwide on Wednesday — still far higher than a year ago but a drop that could help slow inflation for July and possibly August.

In addition, shipping costs and commodity prices have begun to fall.

Pay increases have slowed. And surveys show that Americans’ expectations for inflation over the long run have eased — a trend that often points to more moderate price increases over time.

Still, the breadth of the price gains shows how rising costs have seeped into nearly every corner of the economy.

Grocery prices have jumped 12.2% compared with a year ago, the steepest such climb since 1979. Rents have risen 5.8%, the most since 1986.

New car prices have increased 11.4% from a year earlier. And airline fares, one of the few items to post a price decline in June, are nevertheless up 34% from a year earlier.

From May to June, the cost of dental services surged 1.9%, the biggest one-month increase since record-keeping began in 1995.

The relentless spike in inflation has diminished consumers’ confidence in the economy, sent US president Joe Biden’s approval ratings tumbling and posed a major political threat to Democrats in the November congressional elections.

Forty per cent of adults said in a June AP-NORC poll that they thought tackling inflation should be a top government priority this year, up from just 14% who said so in December.

But as consumer spending has gradually shifted away from goods and toward services such as travel, restaurants meals, movies, concerts and sporting events, some of the highest price increases have occurred in services.

Housing costs have also risen sharply. A shortage of houses for sale has kept prices high just as mortgage rates have also soared.

With many people priced out of the market for houses and looking instead to rent, demand for apartments has sent rental rates beyond affordable levels.

The average cost of new leases has jumped 14% in the past year, according to real estate brokerage Redfin, to an average of 2,016 dollars (£1,700) a month.

Rents as measured by the government’s inflation index have risen more slowly because they include all rents, including existing leases. But economists expect the rising expense of new leases to send the government’s inflation measure higher in coming months.

The persistence of high inflation has unnerved Chair Jerome Powell and other Fed officials, who are engaged in the fastest series of rate hikes since the late 1980s to try to slow the price spikes.

The US central bank is expected to raise its key short-term rate later this month by a hefty three-quarters of a point, as it did last month, with potentially more large rate hikes to follow.

Mr Powell has stressed that the central bank wants to see “compelling evidence” that inflation is slowing before it would dial back its rate hikes.

Such evidence would need to be a “series of declining monthly inflation readings,” Mr Powell said at a news conference last month.

Many economists worry that the Fed’s drive to quell inflation will cause it to tighten credit too aggressively even while the economy, by some measures, is slowing. Much higher borrowing costs could trigger a recession, potentially by next year.

Consumers have started to pull back on spending, home sales are falling as mortgage rates rise and factory output slipped in May. Yet steadily robust job growth points to an economy that is still expanding, with little sign of an imminent recession.

With fewer ships stuck at the Port of Los Angeles and Long Beach, America’s largest, shipping costs for international freight have fallen.

Wholesale gas prices have fallen to about 3.40 dollars a gallon, which suggests that retail prices could drop to as low as 4.20 dollars by August, according to Omair Sharif, founder of Inflation Insights.

And wholesale used car prices are also falling, which point to declining used car prices in the coming months.

Inflation has spiked overseas as well. It reached 9.1% in the United Kingdom in May, the highest level in four decades, driven mostly by higher fuel and food prices.

Annual inflation in the eurozone’s 19 countries hit 8.6% in June, surging past the 8.1% recorded in May. Inflation is now at its highest level since recordkeeping for the euro began in 1997.