Putin hosts Global South leaders at Brics summit intended to counter West
At the meeting in Kazan, Vladimir Putin will be keen to show that efforts to isolate Russia over the war in Ukraine have failed.
China’s Xi Jinping, India’s Narendra Modi and other global leaders have arrived in the Russian city of Kazan for a summit of the Brics bloc of developing economies which the Kremlin hopes to turn into a rallying point for defying the Western liberal order.
For Russian President Vladimir Putin, the three-day meeting also offers a powerful way to demonstrate the failure of US-led efforts to isolate Russia over its action in Ukraine.
Kremlin foreign affairs adviser Yuri Ushakov touted the summit as “the largest foreign policy event ever held” by Russia, with 36 countries attending and more than 20 of them represented by heads of state.
The Brics alliance, which aims to counterbalance the Western-led world order, initially included Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa, but is expanding rapidly.
Iran, Egypt, Ethiopia, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia joined in January; Turkey, Azerbaijan and Malaysia have formally applied, and a number of others expressed a desire to be members.
Russian officials already see the meeting as a massive success. Mr Putin’s foreign policy aide Yuri Ushakov said 36 countries confirmed their participation, and more than 20 will send heads of state.
Mr Putin will hold around 20 bilateral meetings, Mr Ushakov said, and the summit could turn into “the largest foreign policy event ever held” on Russian soil.
On the sidelines of the summit, Mr Putin also will meet United Nations Secretary-General Antonio Guterres, Mr Ushakov said. It will be the first visit to Russia in more than two years for Mr Guterres, who has repeatedly criticised Russia’s war in Ukraine.
For the other participants, it is a chance to amplify their voices and narratives.
“The beauty of Brics is that it doesn’t put too many obligations on you,” said Alexander Gabuyev, director of the Carnegie Russia Eurasia Centre.
“There are not that many strings attached, really, to being part of Brics. And at the same time, there might be interesting opportunities coming your way, including just having more face time with all of these leaders.”
For Mr Putin, the summit is important personally because it shows the failure of Western efforts to isolate him, Mr Gabuyev said.
The gathering will demonstrate at home and abroad that “Russia is really an important player that is leading this new group that will end the Western dominance – that’s his personal narrative”, he said.
Russia also wants more countries participating in a payment system project that would be an alternative to the global bank messaging network SWIFT, allowing Moscow to trade with partners without worrying about sanctions.
“The Russian idea is that if you create a platform where there is China, Russia, India and Brazil and Saudi Arabia, many countries that are vital partners for the US, the US will not be ready to go after this platform and sanction it,” Mr Gabuyev said.
Russia is also expected to sign a “comprehensive strategic partnership” treaty with Iran, bolstering the increasingly close ties between Moscow and Tehran.
After the invasion of Ukraine, Iran provided Moscow with hundreds of drones and helped launch their production in Russia.
Iran, in turn, wants sophisticated Russian weapons like long-range air defence systems and fighter jets to help fend off a possible attack by Israel. Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov refused to comment when asked whether the treaty will include mutual military assistance.
For China, Brics is among several international organisations – along with the security-focused Shanghai Cooperation Organisation – through which it seeks to promote an alternative to the US-led world order.
Mr Xi pushed for enlarging Brics, and the Kazan summit will consolidate economic, technological and military ties in the expanded bloc, said Willy Lam, a senior China fellow at the Jamestown Foundation.
Beijing and Moscow also want to see if a new international trading currency could “challenge so-called dollar hegemony”, Mr Lam said.
The summit will allow Mr Xi and Mr Putin to flaunt their close relationship. The two, who announced a “no-limits” partnership weeks before Russia invaded Ukraine in 2022, already have met at least twice this year, in Beijing in May and at a SCO summit in Kazakhstan in July.
Although they will continue to present a united front, experts are watching for subtle signs of Mr Xi distancing himself from Mr Putin over the war in Ukraine.
