The 400m hurdler finished sixth in his semi-final heat in a time of 49.49, with just the top two progressing automatically.
Those places went to American star Rai Benjamin and Brazil’s Alison Dos Santos.
Chalmers’ time, which was more than a second outside the personal best he set earlier this season, placed him 20th overall across the three semi-finals.
He was competing at his second World Championships, having also represented Great Britain in Eugene, Oregon in 2022.
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